Benefits Found in Studies Concerning Hemp Oil
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Glaucoma
Medical cannabis in edible
form
In glaucoma, cannabis and THC have been shown to
reduce intra-ocular pressure (IOP) by an average of 24% in people with normal
IOP who have visual-field changes. In studies of healthy adults and glaucoma
patients, IOP was reduced by an average of 25% after smoking a cannabis
"cigarette" that contained approximately 2% THC—a reduction as good as that
observed with most other medications available today, according to a review by
the Institute of Medicine.[62]
In a separate study, the use of cannabis and glaucoma was tested and found
that the duration of smoked or ingested cannabis or other cannabinoids is very
short, averaging 3 to 3.5 hours. Their results showed that for cannabis to be a
viable therapy, the patient would have to take in cannabis in some form every 3
hours. They said that for ideal glaucoma treatment it would take two times a day
at most for compliance purposes from patients.[63]
Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
Medical cannabis
A review of six randomized
controlled trials of a combination of THC
and CBD extracts for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) related muscle spasticity
reported, "Although there was variation in the outcome measures reported in
these studies, a trend of reduced spasticity in treated patients was noted." The
authors postulated that "cannabinoids may provide neuroprotective and
anti-inflammatory benefits in MS."[64] A
small study done on whether or not cannabis could be used to control tremors of
MS patients was conducted. The study found that there was no noticeable
difference of the tremors in the patients. Although there was no difference in
the tremors the patients felt as if their symptoms had lessened and their
quality of life had improved. The researchers concluded that the mood enhancing
or cognitive effects that cannabis has on the brain could have given the
patients the effect that their tremors were getting better.[65][66]
Alzheimer's disease
Research done by the Scripps Research Institute in California shows
that the active ingredient in marijuana, THC, prevents the formation of deposits in the
brain associated with Alzheimer's disease. THC was found to prevent an
enzyme called acetylcholinesterase from accelerating the
formation of "Alzheimer plaques" in the brain more effectively than commercially
marketed drugs. THC is also more effective at blocking clumps of protein that
can inhibit memory and cognition in Alzheimer’s patients, as reported in Molecular Pharmaceutics.[67]
Cannabinoids can also potentially prevent or slow the progression of Alzheimer's
disease by reducing tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.[68]
Breast Cancer
cancer
According to a 2007 study at the California Pacific Medical Center Research
Institute, cannabidiol (CBD) may stop breast cancer from spreading throughout the
body.[69] These
researchers believe their discovery may provide a non-toxic alternative to chemotherapy while achieving the same results
minus the painful and unpleasant side effects. The research team says that CBD
works by blocking the activity of a gene called Id-1, which is believed to be
responsible for a process called metastasis, which is the aggressive spread of
cancer cells away from the original tumor site.[69]
HIV/AIDS
Investigators at Columbia University published clinical trial data
in 2007 showing that HIV/AIDS patients who inhaled cannabis four times
daily experienced substantial increases in food intake with little evidence of
discomfort and no impairment of cognitive performance. They concluded that
smoked cannabis has a clear medical benefit in HIV-positive patients.[70][71] In
another study in 2008, researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of
Medicine found that marijuana significantly reduces HIV-related
neuropathic pain when added to a patient's
already-prescribed pain management regimen and may be an "effective option for
pain relief" in those whose pain is not controlled with current medications.
Mood disturbance, physical disability, and quality of life all improved
significantly during study treatment.[72]
Despite management with opioids and other pain modifying therapies, neuropathic
pain continues to reduce the quality of life and daily functioning in
HIV-infected individuals. Cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral
nervous systems have been shown to modulate pain perception. No serious adverse
effects were reported, according to the study published by the American Academy of Neurology.[73] A
study examining the effectiveness of different drugs for HIV associated
neuropathic pain found that smoked Cannabis was one of only three drugs that showed
evidence of efficacy.[74]
Brain
The research team discovered that
cannabinoids such as THC had anticancer effects in mice with human brain cancer
cells and in people with brain tumors. When mice with the human brain cancer
cells received the THC, the tumor shrank. Using electron
microscopes to analyze brain tissue taken both before and after a
26- to 30-day THC treatment regimen, the researchers found that THC eliminated
cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.[75] The
patients did not have any toxic effects from the treatment; previous studies of
THC for the treatment of cancer have also found the therapy to be well
tolerated. However, the mechanisms which promote THC's tumor cell–killing action
are unknown.[75]
Opioid
dependence
Injections of THC eliminate dependence on opiates in stressed rats, according
to a research team at the Laboratory for Physiopathology of Diseases of the
Central Nervous System (France) in the journal
Neuropsychopharmacology.[76]
Deprived of their mothers at birth, rats become hypersensitive to the rewarding
effect of morphine and heroin (substances belonging to the opiate family), and
rapidly become dependent. When these rats were administered THC, they no longer
developed typical morphine-dependent behavior. In the striatum, a region of the brain involved in drug
dependence, the production of endogenous enkephalins was restored under THC, whereas it
diminished in rats stressed from birth which had not received THC. Researchers
believe the findings could lead to therapeutic alternatives to existing
substitution treatments.[76]
In humans, drug treatment subjects who use cannabis intermittently are found
to be more likely to adhere to treatment for opioid dependence.[77]
Historically, similar findings were reported by Edward Birch, who, in 1889,
reported success in treating opiate and chloral addiction with cannabis.[78]
Controlling ALS symptoms
Recent research has been conducted on if the use of cannabis could control
some of the symptoms of ALS or Lou
Gehrig's Disease. A survey was conducted on 131 people who
suffered from ALS. The survey asked if the subjects had used cannabis in the
last 12 months to control some of their symptoms. The survey resulted in 13
people who had used the drug in some form to control symptoms. The survey
results found that cannabis was moderately effective in reducing symptoms of
appetite loss, depression, pain, spasticity, drooling and weakness and the
longest relief reported was for depression. The pattern of symptom relief was
consistent with those reported by people with other conditions, including multiple sclerosis (Amtmann et al. 2004).[
Medical cannabis in edible
form
In glaucoma, cannabis and THC have been shown to
reduce intra-ocular pressure (IOP) by an average of 24% in people with normal
IOP who have visual-field changes. In studies of healthy adults and glaucoma
patients, IOP was reduced by an average of 25% after smoking a cannabis
"cigarette" that contained approximately 2% THC—a reduction as good as that
observed with most other medications available today, according to a review by
the Institute of Medicine.[62]
In a separate study, the use of cannabis and glaucoma was tested and found
that the duration of smoked or ingested cannabis or other cannabinoids is very
short, averaging 3 to 3.5 hours. Their results showed that for cannabis to be a
viable therapy, the patient would have to take in cannabis in some form every 3
hours. They said that for ideal glaucoma treatment it would take two times a day
at most for compliance purposes from patients.[63]
Spasticity in multiple sclerosis
Medical cannabis
A review of six randomized
controlled trials of a combination of THC
and CBD extracts for the treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) related muscle spasticity
reported, "Although there was variation in the outcome measures reported in
these studies, a trend of reduced spasticity in treated patients was noted." The
authors postulated that "cannabinoids may provide neuroprotective and
anti-inflammatory benefits in MS."[64] A
small study done on whether or not cannabis could be used to control tremors of
MS patients was conducted. The study found that there was no noticeable
difference of the tremors in the patients. Although there was no difference in
the tremors the patients felt as if their symptoms had lessened and their
quality of life had improved. The researchers concluded that the mood enhancing
or cognitive effects that cannabis has on the brain could have given the
patients the effect that their tremors were getting better.[65][66]
Alzheimer's disease
Research done by the Scripps Research Institute in California shows
that the active ingredient in marijuana, THC, prevents the formation of deposits in the
brain associated with Alzheimer's disease. THC was found to prevent an
enzyme called acetylcholinesterase from accelerating the
formation of "Alzheimer plaques" in the brain more effectively than commercially
marketed drugs. THC is also more effective at blocking clumps of protein that
can inhibit memory and cognition in Alzheimer’s patients, as reported in Molecular Pharmaceutics.[67]
Cannabinoids can also potentially prevent or slow the progression of Alzheimer's
disease by reducing tau protein phosphorylation, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation.[68]
Breast Cancer
cancer
According to a 2007 study at the California Pacific Medical Center Research
Institute, cannabidiol (CBD) may stop breast cancer from spreading throughout the
body.[69] These
researchers believe their discovery may provide a non-toxic alternative to chemotherapy while achieving the same results
minus the painful and unpleasant side effects. The research team says that CBD
works by blocking the activity of a gene called Id-1, which is believed to be
responsible for a process called metastasis, which is the aggressive spread of
cancer cells away from the original tumor site.[69]
HIV/AIDS
Investigators at Columbia University published clinical trial data
in 2007 showing that HIV/AIDS patients who inhaled cannabis four times
daily experienced substantial increases in food intake with little evidence of
discomfort and no impairment of cognitive performance. They concluded that
smoked cannabis has a clear medical benefit in HIV-positive patients.[70][71] In
another study in 2008, researchers at the University of California, San Diego School of
Medicine found that marijuana significantly reduces HIV-related
neuropathic pain when added to a patient's
already-prescribed pain management regimen and may be an "effective option for
pain relief" in those whose pain is not controlled with current medications.
Mood disturbance, physical disability, and quality of life all improved
significantly during study treatment.[72]
Despite management with opioids and other pain modifying therapies, neuropathic
pain continues to reduce the quality of life and daily functioning in
HIV-infected individuals. Cannabinoid receptors in the central and peripheral
nervous systems have been shown to modulate pain perception. No serious adverse
effects were reported, according to the study published by the American Academy of Neurology.[73] A
study examining the effectiveness of different drugs for HIV associated
neuropathic pain found that smoked Cannabis was one of only three drugs that showed
evidence of efficacy.[74]
Brain
The research team discovered that
cannabinoids such as THC had anticancer effects in mice with human brain cancer
cells and in people with brain tumors. When mice with the human brain cancer
cells received the THC, the tumor shrank. Using electron
microscopes to analyze brain tissue taken both before and after a
26- to 30-day THC treatment regimen, the researchers found that THC eliminated
cancer cells while leaving healthy cells intact.[75] The
patients did not have any toxic effects from the treatment; previous studies of
THC for the treatment of cancer have also found the therapy to be well
tolerated. However, the mechanisms which promote THC's tumor cell–killing action
are unknown.[75]
Opioid
dependence
Injections of THC eliminate dependence on opiates in stressed rats, according
to a research team at the Laboratory for Physiopathology of Diseases of the
Central Nervous System (France) in the journal
Neuropsychopharmacology.[76]
Deprived of their mothers at birth, rats become hypersensitive to the rewarding
effect of morphine and heroin (substances belonging to the opiate family), and
rapidly become dependent. When these rats were administered THC, they no longer
developed typical morphine-dependent behavior. In the striatum, a region of the brain involved in drug
dependence, the production of endogenous enkephalins was restored under THC, whereas it
diminished in rats stressed from birth which had not received THC. Researchers
believe the findings could lead to therapeutic alternatives to existing
substitution treatments.[76]
In humans, drug treatment subjects who use cannabis intermittently are found
to be more likely to adhere to treatment for opioid dependence.[77]
Historically, similar findings were reported by Edward Birch, who, in 1889,
reported success in treating opiate and chloral addiction with cannabis.[78]
Controlling ALS symptoms
Recent research has been conducted on if the use of cannabis could control
some of the symptoms of ALS or Lou
Gehrig's Disease. A survey was conducted on 131 people who
suffered from ALS. The survey asked if the subjects had used cannabis in the
last 12 months to control some of their symptoms. The survey resulted in 13
people who had used the drug in some form to control symptoms. The survey
results found that cannabis was moderately effective in reducing symptoms of
appetite loss, depression, pain, spasticity, drooling and weakness and the
longest relief reported was for depression. The pattern of symptom relief was
consistent with those reported by people with other conditions, including multiple sclerosis (Amtmann et al. 2004).[